I.3.3. Handling of chemical substances
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The handling of chemical substances begins with a first condition, namely knowing the main properties of the respective substance, from the point of view of work safety: toxic, explosive, flammable, caustic, irritant, oxidizing (indicated with the help of labels).
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Small amounts of substance are used.
- Stirring a liquid is done with the wand in circular motions without touching the walls.
🔥 Warning! Do not taste or touch the substances!
- It is not allowed to taste chemical substances, to mix substances at random and to touch them with the hand.
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During the experiments, clothes with loose sleeves will not be worn and the hair will be tied back.
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When conducting an experiment, the head is held slightly back so that the face is further away from the experimental setup.
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To have a solution of sulfuric acid, pour the acid over the water, drop by drop, always stirring.
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Flammable substances are stored in well-closed bottles, in the cold and in the dark, away from heating sources.
🔥 Warning! Do not directly smell the chemicals!
- Smelling a substance is done indirectly, bringing the vapors to the nose with the hand.
• To protect the eyes in the case of transvasation of caustic liquids (concentrated acids or bases), when performing experiments with metallic sodium and potassium, when processing glass, when crushing solid substances (alkalis), when performing explosive experiments, it is necessary to wear protective glasses.
• Maintaining order and cleanliness on laboratory tables.
• Use of crockery and equipment in perfect and clean condition.
🔥 Warning! Be careful when working with sharp objects!
- When working with sharp objects, they do not point towards us or other people.
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To make electrical circuits, students will use electrical batteries. They are not allowed to use the sockets.
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After finishing the experiments, tidy up and wash your hands.
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Playing in the laboratory or lifting from the bench is totally prohibited.
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During the experimental hours, the consumption of drinks or food is prohibited.
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Corrosive reagents (alkaline hydroxides, concentrated acids, concentrated ammonia solution, perhydrol 30%, bromine, etc.) will be transferred into the test tube with the help of the pipette.
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Work with toxic substances with special care.
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The remains of dangerous substances (alkaline metals, phosphorus, concentrated acids and bases, flammable liquids) will not be thrown down the drain, because they can cause explosions and corrosion and will be neutralized.
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The handling of explosive substances (nitroderivatives, chlorates, perchlorates, peroxides, perchloric acid, etc.) must be done with great care, without hitting and without heating to the point of decomposition.